Rancang Bangun Robot Penghindar Rintangan Berbasis Raspberry Pi Pico Dan Sensor Time of Flight

This research addresses the collision risks in remote-controlled robots caused by communication latency and human operator response limitations. The primary focus of this study is the development of a lightweight autonomous safety override mechanism using a resource-constrained microcontroller, the Raspberry Pi Pico W. The system integrates the VL53L0X Time of Flight sensor for high-precision obstacle detection and the KY-032 infrared sensor for cliff protection. The methodology involves designing a hybrid control architecture that combines web-based instructions with real-time safety logic. Experimental results demonstrate that the ToF sensor achieves an accuracy rate of 98.01%, surpassing the reliability of conventional ultrasonic sensors. The cliff protection system shows a 100% success rate in performing automatic avoidance maneuvers without relying on operator input. This research proves that integrating ToF sensors and override mechanisms on low-power platforms significantly enhances navigation safety for Internet of Things (IoT)-based robots.